屋顶光伏发电又叫屋顶太阳能光伏发电，是一种光生伏打系统，其具有它的电产生的太阳能电池板安装在住宅或商业建筑或结构的屋顶。这种系统的各种组件包括光伏模块、安装系统、电缆、太阳能逆变器和其他电气附件。

Rooftop photovoltaic power generation, also known as rooftop solar photovoltaic power generation, is a photovoltaic system that generates electricity by installing solar panels on the roofs of residential or commercial buildings or structures. The various components of this system include photovoltaic modules, installation systems, cables, solar inverters, and other electrical accessories.

与容量在兆瓦范围内的地面安装光伏电站相比，屋顶安装系统体积小。住宅建筑物上的屋顶光伏系统通常具有约5至20 千瓦（kW）的容量，而安装在商业建筑物上的屋顶光伏系统通常会达到100千瓦或更高。

Compared to ground mounted photovoltaic power stations with a capacity within the megawatt range, rooftop mounted systems have a smaller volume. Roof photovoltaic systems on residential buildings typically have a capacity of approximately 5 to 20 kilowatts (kW), while roof photovoltaic systems installed on commercial buildings typically reach 100 kilowatts or higher.

一、屋顶光伏发电系统的组成

1、 Composition of rooftop photovoltaic power generation system

屋顶光伏发电系统由光伏组件、光伏逆变器、光伏支架以及光伏线缆等构成。为保证系统安全可靠运行，还有综合设计防雷系统、保护系统、测控系统等配套设施。

The rooftop photovoltaic power generation system consists of photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic inverters, photovoltaic brackets, and photovoltaic cables. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of the system, there are also supporting facilities such as comprehensive design of lightning protection systems, protection systems, and measurement and control systems.

二、类型

2、 Type

1、农村屋顶光伏发电

1. Rural rooftop photovoltaic power generation

就是在农村，利用农民闲置的房顶安装光伏发电系统，在光照充足的环境下发电。

In rural areas, photovoltaic power generation systems are installed on idle roofs of farmers to generate electricity in a well lit environment.

2、分布式光伏屋顶发电

2. Distributed photovoltaic rooftop power generation

分布式光伏屋顶发电特指利用用户屋顶建设，运行方式以用户侧自发自用、多余电量上网，且在配电系统平衡调节为特征的光伏发电设施。

Distributed photovoltaic rooftop power generation specifically refers to photovoltaic power generation facilities that utilize user rooftops for construction, operate spontaneously on the user side, generate excess electricity on the grid, and are characterized by balanced regulation in the distribution system.

3、别墅屋顶光伏发电

3. Villa roof photovoltaic power generation

这种是利用别墅屋顶斜面瓦安装导轨平铺光伏组或水平屋顶利用下面支架支撑光伏组的形式的光伏发电设施。

This is a photovoltaic power generation facility that uses sloping tiles on the roof of a villa to install guide rails and lay photovoltaic panels flat, or a horizontal roof to support photovoltaic panels with brackets underneath.

4、家庭屋顶光伏发电

4. Home rooftop photovoltaic power generation

家庭屋顶光伏发电是指建设在住宅屋项上的分布式光伏发电项目。运行方式分为用户侧自发自用、余电上网，全额电量上网和全部用户侧消纳三种形式。

Household rooftop photovoltaic power generation refers to distributed photovoltaic power generation projects built on residential properties. The operation mode is divided into three forms: user side spontaneous self use, residual power grid connection, full power grid connection, and full user side consumption.

5、工厂屋顶光伏发电系统

5. Factory rooftop photovoltaic power generation system

工厂屋顶光伏发电系统通常是指利用工厂屋顶分散式太阳能资源，装机规模较小的、布置在企业厂房附近的太阳能发电系统，它一般接入低于35KV或更低电压等级的电网。工厂屋顶太阳能发电系统特指采用光伏组件，将太阳能直接转换为电能的分布式太阳能发电系统。

The factory rooftop photovoltaic power generation system usually refers to a small-scale solar power generation system that utilizes dispersed solar energy resources on the factory roof and is arranged near the enterprise factory building. It is generally connected to a power grid with a voltage level below 35KV or lower. The factory rooftop solar power generation system specifically refers to a distributed solar power generation system that uses photovoltaic modules to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy.

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